Star

In a star topology each node has a dedicated set of wires connecting it to a central network hub. Since all traffic passes through the hub, the hub becomes a central point for isolating network problems and gathering network statistics.

Ring

A ring topology features a logically closed loop. Data packets travel in a single direction around the ring from one network device to the next. Each network device acts as a repeater, meaning it regenerates the signal
A data token is used to grant permission for each computer to communicate..

Bus

In the bus topology, each node (computer, server, peripheral etc.) are attached directly to a common cable. This topology most often serves as the backbone for a network. In some instances, such as in classrooms or labs, a bus will connect small workgroups.

Mesh

Mesh networks ideally allow each computer to have a direct connection to each of the other computers..

Tree

In tree topology sub devices or sub nodes are attached to a single central hub or central device.